Virtual DOM和Virtual DOM库——Vue虚拟dom的借鉴

life.cao
2023-09-25 22:54:28
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什么是 Virtual DOM
Virtual DOM(虚拟 DOM),是由普通的 JS 对象来描述 DOM 对象,因为不是真实的 DOM 对象,所以叫 Virtual DOM
真实 DOM 成员
let element = document.querySelector('#app') let s = '' for (var key in element) { s += key + ',' } console.log(s) // 打印结果 align,title,lang,translate,dir,hidden,accessKey,draggable,spellcheck,autocapitalize,contentEditable,isContentEditable,inputMode,offsetParent,offsetTop,offsetLeft,offsetWidth,offsetHeight,style,innerText,outerText,oncopy,oncut,onpaste,onabort,onblur,oncancel,oncanplay,oncanplaythrough,onchange,onclick,onclose,oncontextmenu,oncuechange,ondblclick,ondrag,ondragend,ondragenter,ondragleave,ondragover,ondragstart,ondrop,ondurationchange,onemptied,onended,onerror,onfocus,oninput,oninvalid,onkeydown,onkeypress,onkeyup,onload,onloadeddata,onloadedmetadata,onloadstart,onmousedown,onmouseenter,onmouseleave,onmousemove,onmouseout,onmouseover,onmouseup,onmousewheel,onpause,onplay,onplaying,onprogress,onratechange,onreset,onresize,onscroll,onseeked,onseeking,onselect,onstalled,onsubmit,onsuspend,ontimeupdate,ontoggle,onvolumechange,onwaiting,onwheel,onauxclick,ongotpointercapture,onlostpointercapture,onpointerdown,onpointermove,onpointerup,onpointercancel,onpointerover,onpointerout,onpointerenter,onpointerleave,onselectstart,onselectionchange,onanimationend,onanimationiteration,onanimationstart,ontransitionend,dataset,nonce,autofocus,tabIndex,click,focus,blur,enterKeyHint,onformdata,onpointerrawupdate,attachInternals,namespaceURI,prefix,localName,tagName,id,className,classList,slot,part,attributes,shadowRoot,assignedSlot,innerHTML,outerHTML,scrollTop,scrollLeft,scrollWidth,scrollHeight,clientTop,clientLeft,clientWidth,clientHeight,attributeStyleMap,onbeforecopy,onbeforecut,onbeforepaste,onsearch,elementTiming,previousElementSibling,nextElementSibling,children,firstElementChild,lastElementChild,childElementCount,onfullscreenchange,onfullscreenerror,onwebkitfullscreenchange,onwebkitfullscreenerror,setPointerCapture,releasePointerCapture,hasPointerCapture,hasAttributes,getAttributeNames,getAttribute,getAttributeNS,setAttribute,setAttributeNS,removeAttribute,removeAttributeNS,hasAttribute,hasAttributeNS,toggleAttribute,getAttributeNode,getAttributeNodeNS,setAttributeNode,setAttributeNodeNS,removeAttributeNode,closest,matches,webkitMatchesSelector,attachShadow,getElementsByTagName,getElementsByTagNameNS,getElementsByClassName,insertAdjacentElement,insertAdjacentText,insertAdjacentHTML,requestPointerLock,getClientRects,getBoundingClientRect,scrollIntoView,scroll,scrollTo,scrollBy,scrollIntoViewIfNeeded,animate,computedStyleMap,before,after,replaceWith,remove,prepend,append,querySelector,querySelectorAll,requestFullscreen,webkitRequestFullScreen,webkitRequestFullscreen,createShadowRoot,getDestinationInsertionPoints,ELEMENT_NODE,ATTRIBUTE_NODE,TEXT_NODE,CDATA_SECTION_NODE,ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE,ENTITY_NODE,PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE,COMMENT_NODE,DOCUMENT_NODE,DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE,DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE,NOTATION_NODE,DOCUMENT_POSITION_DISCONNECTED,DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING,DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING,DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINS,DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINED_BY,DOCUMENT_POSITION_IMPLEMENTATION_SPECIFIC,nodeType,nodeName,baseURI,isConnected,ownerDocument,parentNode,parentElement,childNodes,firstChild,lastChild,previousSibling,nextSibling,nodeValue,textContent,hasChildNodes,getRootNode,normalize,cloneNode,isEqualNode,isSameNode,compareDocumentPosition,contains,lookupPrefix,lookupNamespaceURI,isDefaultNamespace,insertBefore,appendChild,replaceChild,removeChild,addEventListener,removeEventListener,dispatchEvent可以使用 Virtual DOM 来描述真实 DOM,示例
{ sel: "div", data: {}, children: undefined, text: "Hello Virtual DOM", elm: undefined, key: undefined }
为什么使用 Virtual DOM
手动操作 DOM 比较麻烦,还需要考虑浏览器兼容性问题,虽然有 jQuery 等库简化 DOM 操作,但是随着项目的复杂 DOM 操作复杂提升
为了简化 DOM 的复杂操作于是出现了各种 MVVM 框架,MVVM 框架解决了视图和状态的同步问题
为了简化视图的操作我们可以使用模板引擎,但是模板引擎没有解决跟踪状态变化的问题,于是 Virtual DOM 出现了
Virtual DOM 的好处是当状态改变时不需要立即更新 DOM,只需要创建一个虚拟树来描述 DOM, Virtual DOM 内部将弄清楚如何有效(diff)的更新 DOM
参考 github 上 virtual-dom 的描述
- 虚拟 DOM 可以维护程序的状态,跟踪上一次的状态
- 通过比较前后两次状态的差异更新真实 DOM
虚拟 DOM 的作用
维护视图和状态的关系
复杂视图情况下提升渲染性能
除了渲染 DOM 以外,还可以实现 SSR(Nuxt.js/Next.js)、原生应用(Weex/React Native)、小程序(mpvue/uni-app)等

Virtual DOM 库
- Snabbdom
- Vue 2.x 内部使用的 Virtual DOM 就是改造的 Snabbdom
- 大约 200 SLOC(single line of code)
- 通过模块可扩展
- 源码使用 TypeScript 开发
- 最快的 Virtual DOM 之一
- virtual-dom
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